ʻO ke ʻano kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale, wehe a hana hou i nā mea haumia i loko o ka ʻōpala a me ka wai ʻino, a i ʻole e hoʻololi iā lākou i mau mea ʻino e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai.
Nui nā ʻano e mālama ai i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻāpana, ʻo ia ka mālama ola kino, mālama kino, mālama kemika a me ka mālama kūlohelohe.
1. Lapaau olaola
Ma o ka metabolism o nā microorganisms, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea haumia organik i ke ʻano o nā hopena, colloids a me nā hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala i nā mea paʻa a me ka pōʻino. Wahi a nā microorganism ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mālama olaola i ʻelua ʻano: ka lāʻau aerobic biological a me ka anaerobic biological treatment.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano lapaʻau aerobic biological i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino. Wahi a nā ʻano kaʻina hana like ʻole, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano hana lapaʻau aerobic biological i ʻelua ʻano: activated sludge method and biofilm method. ʻO ke kaʻina hana sludge ponoʻī he ʻāpana lapaʻau, aia nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO nā mea lapaʻau o ke ʻano biofilm me ka biofilter, biological turntable, biological contact oxidation tank and biological fluidized bed, etc. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau anaerobic biological, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka biological reduction treatment, no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala organik kiʻekiʻe a me ka sludge.
2. Lapaau kino
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mea haumia i hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia (me ka ʻaila kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ʻaila droplets) i ka wai ʻino ma o ka hana kino i ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale gravity, ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale centrifugal a me ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa sieve. ʻO nā ʻāpana lapaʻau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻumekaumaha, ʻo ia ka sedimentation, lana (ea flotation), etc., a ʻo nā mea lapaʻau e pili ana i ke keʻena grit, sedimentation tank, grease trap, ea flotation tank a me kāna mau mea kōkua, etc.; ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka centrifugal ponoʻī he ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia me ka centrifuge a me ka hydrocyclone, etc.; ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka pale he ʻelua ʻāpana hana: ka mālama ʻana i ka pale a me ka kānana. Hoʻohana ka mea mua i nā grids a me nā pale, ʻoiai ka mea hope e hoʻohana i nā kānana one a me nā kānana microporous, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
3. Lapaau kemika
He ala hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino e hoʻokaʻawale a wehe i nā mea haumia i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a colloidal i loko o ka wai ʻōpala a i ʻole e hoʻololi iā lākou i mea ʻino ʻole ma o nā hopena kemika a me ka hoʻoili nui ʻana. Ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa kemika, ʻo nā ʻāpana hana e pili ana i ka hopena kemika o ka dosing: coagulation, neutralization, redox, etc.; ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana hana e pili ana i ka hoʻoili nui ʻana he: extraction, stripping, stripping , adsorption, ion exchange, electrodialysis a me reverse osmosis, etc. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāpana lapaʻau e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻoili nui ʻana he hana kemika a me ka hana kino e pili ana, no laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a lilo i ʻano ʻano hana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ke ʻano kemika kino.
kiʻi
Kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau
1. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wai ʻino
ʻO nā hōʻailona pollution e like me ka ʻaila ʻaila, CODcr a me BOD5 i ka wai ʻōpala degreasing he kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO nā ʻano lapaʻau e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka waika, centrifugation a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe solvent. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i ka waikawa, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka H2SO4 e hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH i 3-4 no ka demulsification, ka mahu a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka paʻakai, a kū i 45-60 t no 2-4 mau hola, lele mālie ka ʻaila e hana i kahi momona. papa. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka momona hiki ke hiki i 96%, a ʻoi aku ka wehe ʻana o CODcr ma mua o 92%. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo 8-10g / L ka nui o ka ʻaila i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka nui o ka ʻaila i loko o ka puka wai ma lalo o 0.1 g / L. Hoʻohana hou ʻia ka ʻaila i hoʻihoʻi ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i loko o nā ʻakika momona i hui ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana ai i ke kopa.
2. ʻO ka wai liʻiliʻi a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho
Loaʻa i ka wai ʻino ka lime a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho i ka protein, ka lime, ka sodium sulfide, nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, 28% o ka CODcr a pau, 92% o ka nui o S2-, a me 75% o ka huina SS. ʻO nā ʻano lapaʻau e pili ana i ka acidification, ka ua kemika a me ka oxidation.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke ʻano acidification i ka hana ʻana. Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ke kaomi ʻino, hoʻohui i ka H2SO4 e hoʻololi i ka waiwai pH i 4-4.5, e hoʻohua i ke kinoea H2S, e hoʻomoʻa iā ia me ka hopena NaOH, a e hoʻoulu i ka alkali sulfurized no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka protein soluble i hoʻokahe ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino, holoi ʻia a maloʻo. lilo i huahana. Hiki ke piʻi aku ka nui o ka sulfide ma mua o 90%, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka CODcr a me SS e 85% a me 95%. He haʻahaʻa kona kumukūʻai, maʻalahi ka hana hana, maʻalahi e hoʻomalu, a pōkole ka pōʻai hana.
3. ʻO Chrome tanning wai ʻōpala
ʻO ka mea hoʻohaumia nui o ka chrome tanning wastewater he metala koʻikoʻi Cr3+, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma kahi o 3-4g/L, a ʻo ka pH waiwai he acidic nāwaliwali. ʻO nā ala lapaʻau e pili ana i ka ua alkali a me ka hana hou ʻana. Hoʻohana ka 90% o nā tanneries home i ke ʻano o ka ua wai alkali, hoʻohui i ka lime, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopau i ka wai chromium, e pane ana a me ka dehydrating no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka chromium-containing sludge, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia i ka hana tanning ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric. .
I ka wā o ka hopena, ʻo ka pH waiwai he 8.2-8.5, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ua ma 40 ° C. ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe alkali he magnesium oxide, ʻo ka chromium recovery rate he 99%, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka chromium i loko o ka effluent ma lalo o 1 mg/L. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono kēia ʻano no nā tanneries nui, a ʻo nā haumia e like me ka ʻaila soluble a me ka protein i loko o ka lepo chrome recycled e hoʻopilikia i ka hopena tanning.
4. Ka wai ʻōpala piha
4.1. Pūnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua: Loaʻa ka nui o nā keʻena lapaʻau e like me ka grille, ka pahu hoʻoponopono, ka pahu sedimentation a me ka pahu lele lele. He kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea ola a me nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻōpala tannery. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pretreatment e hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka wai a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai; wehe i ka SS a me nā mea paʻa paʻa; e hoemi i kekahi hapa o ka haawe pollution a hana i na kulana maikai no ka lapaau olaola.
4.2. Pūnaehana lapaʻau olaola: ρ(CODcr) o ka wai ʻōpala tannery ma ke ʻano he 3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) ʻo 1000-2000mg/L, nona ka wai ʻōpala kūlohelohe kiʻekiʻe, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) waiwai. ʻO ia ka 0.3-0.6, kūpono no ka mālama olaola. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka auwai oxidation, SBR a me ka oxidation contact biological ma Kina, ʻoiai ka jet aeration, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), fluidized bed a me ka upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-17-2023
