Ke kūlana ʻoihana a me nā ʻano o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻili
I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ua nui nā huahana ʻili e like me nā ʻeke, nā kāmaʻa ʻili, nā lole ʻili, nā sofa ʻili, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ʻoihana ʻili. I ka manawa like, ua lilo mālie ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai hoʻowali ʻili i kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka haumia ʻoihana.
ʻO ka tanning ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻekolu mau pae o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ka tanning a me ka hoʻopau ʻana. Ma ka ʻāpana hoʻomākaukau ma mua o ka tanning, hele mai ka wai ʻino mai ka holoi ʻana, ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana, ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho, ka liming, ka deliming, ka palupalu a me ka degreasing; ʻo nā mea haumia nui e komo pū ana me nā ʻōpala organik, nā ʻōpala inorganic a me nā hui organik. ʻO ka wai ʻino ma ka ʻāpana tanning e hele mai ana mai ka holoi ʻana, ka pickling, a me ka tanning; ʻo nā mea haumia nui he mau paʻakai inorganic a me ka chromium metala kaumaha. ʻO ka wai ʻino ma ka ʻāpana hoʻopau e hele mai ana mai ka holoi ʻana, ka ʻomi ʻana, ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ka fatliquoring a me ka dedust sewer, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā mea haumia e komo pū ana me nā dyes, nā aila a me nā hui organik. No laila, he mau ʻano o ka wai ʻino tannery ka nui o ka wai, nā loli nui o ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka nui o ka wai, ka ukana haumia kiʻekiʻe, ka alkalinity kiʻekiʻe, ka chroma kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ka biodegradability maikaʻi, a pēlā aku, a he ʻawaʻawa kekahi.
Wai ʻōpala i loaʻa ka sulfur: Wai ʻōpala liming i hana ʻia e ka wehe lauoho lehu-alkali i ke kaʻina hana tanning a me ka wai ʻōpala kaʻina hana holoi e pili ana;
Ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wai ʻino: I ke kaʻina hana hoʻohemo ʻana i ka ʻaila o ka ʻili ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka huluhulu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka wai ʻino ma ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili maka a me ka ʻaila me ka surfactant a me ka wai ʻino e pili ana i ke kaʻina holoi.
Wai hoʻoneoneo i loaʻa ka chromium: ka ʻōpala wai chrome i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana ʻili chrome a me ke kaʻina hana ʻili chrome, a me ka wai hoʻoneoneo e pili ana i ke kaʻina holoi.
ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe piha: he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā ʻano wai hoʻoheheʻe like ʻole i hana ʻia e nā ʻoihana hana ʻili a me ka huluhulu a i ʻole nā wahi hana kikowaena, a hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia a i ʻole pololei ʻole i nā papahana mālama wai hoʻoheheʻe piha (e like me ke kaʻina hana wai hoʻoheheʻe, nā wai hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ma nā hale hana).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Ian-17-2023
